Alternate Fuel Resource (AFR)

Waste to Energy

Certain industries have very high fuel requirement and the rising cost of fuel prices makes sourcing of alternate fuel a necessity. Certain hazardous waste can be used as alternate fuel but need to be processed prior to their use as AFR.

To ensure that their use has no negative impact on the manufacturing process, the end product and emissions, the non-reusable high calorific waste, must previously be prepared in such a way that they are suitable for use.

Waste Handled

Petro-Chemicals
  • Oily Sludge
  • Used Oil
  • Spent Catalyst
  • Cotton Waste
  • Spent Carbon
  • Oil Soaked Cotton
Agro Chemicals
  • Process Residue
  • Distillation Residue
  • Tarry Waste
  • Off Specification Products
Chemicals
  • Distillation Residue
  • Process Waste
  • Spent Carbon
  • ETP Sludge
  • Sludges
Auto
  • Phosphate Sludge
  • Chemical Sludge
  • Paint Sludge
  • Sealant Waste
  • ETP Sludge
Drugs & Pharma
  • Spent Organic Solvent
  • Spent Mother Liquor
  • ETP Sludge
Textile
  • Chemical Sludge from Waste Water
  • Distillation Residue
Wind & Power
  • Resin Waste
  • Doughy Material
  • Process Waste
Engineer-
ing
  • Cutting Waste
  • Oily Sludge
  • Grinding

Advantages of Co-processing

Co-processing ranks higher in the waste processing hierarchy

High flame temperature (2000°C) - ensures complete destruction of harmful pollutants.

Residence time of combustion gases above 1000°C in excess of 3-4 seconds – ensures complete destruction of pollutants.

No production of by-products such as ash or liquid residue from gas cleaning.

Complete destruction of organic compounds.

Total neutralization of acid gases, sulphur oxides and hydrogen chloride, by the active lime in the kiln load, in large excess to the stoichiometry.

Embedding of the traces of heavy metals in the clinker structure with very stable links (metallic silicates formation).

The advantages of co - processing of alternate fuel

Immobilization of toxic and heavy material.

Avoid Land Disposal and Investment on developing Landfills.

No waste is generated that requires subsequent processing.

Maximizes the recovery of energy while ensuring their safe disposal.

Saving of non renewable fossil fuels. Substitution of coal with waste. Savings are made through resource conservation and associated CO2 emissions.

Produces overall environmental benefits by reducing releases to air, water and land.

Reduced NOx emissions when using certain types of waste.

Limitations of Direct Co-processing

Direct Co-processing is utilization of waste in its original form

Most wastes are directly not suitable due to its physical and chemical characteristics limitation. Variation in Physical and Chemical characteristics of waste lead to:

Difficulties
in unloading

Difficulties
in Storage

Difficulties
in Feeding

Process
Disturbance

Product Quality
Disturbance

Emission
Disturbance

Legal
Non-Compliance

Non-tracking of
Waste Movement

In-discrete
Disposal

Safety
Issues

Environmental
Hazardous